Areas with Most Commuters Reap Benefits and Costs

Nearly 150,000 people commute into Arlington County, Virginia, on a typical weekday from all points around the Washington, D.C., region for work at the Pentagon, government contracting offices and other employers.

The debate over whether such commuters should directly contribute to the tax base of the jurisdictions in which they work is as old as commuting itself. In Arlington County, as in most of the rest of the country, the vast majority of commuters don’t pay the county a dime in income or property taxes. At the same time, their presence generates a great deal of economic activity contributing to the county's budget.

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Many of the nation’s urban centers similarly see their populations swell during the day with an influx of workers, creating a greater need for such things as additional public safety and maintenance of transportation infrastructure. In fact, out-of-town commuters account for the majority of the workforce in 32 counties with populations exceeding 65,000, according to the most recent census estimates.
 
Nowhere is this more prevalent than Arlington, where an estimated 77 percent of those working in the county live elsewhere. About 50,000 workers travel across the border from the much-larger neighboring Fairfax County. Tens of thousands more cross the river into Arlington each day from the District of Columbia or Maryland suburbs.
 
It’s no surprise, then, that getting all these people to work – both via the area’s heavily-trafficked roads and aging transit system – presents a challenge.
 
Still, Michelle Cowan, the county's director of management and finance, says the commuters are a net benefit to the county.
 
For one thing, they contribute sales and meals taxes. Property taxes account for 56 percent of the county’s total revenues, and the commercial properties supported by commuters make up about half the real estate tax base, providing the county with stability, Cowan said. “It makes a difference when you have major businesses that want to be in the county because we have quality services and our infrastructure is in good shape."
 
Some local governments have sought out additional revenue beyond property taxes. Houston, for instance, assesses a drainage fee based on the square footage of driveways and other impermeable surfaces, and spends that money on the city’s water and waste water infrastructure.
 
Arlington levies a special tax on commercial and industrial property to fund its transportation projects, such as road resurfacing and a planned streetcar project. But beyond that, the county’s options are limited since Virginia courts have ruled local governments there lack the authority to seek new types of revenue without state approval.
 
Absent these restrictions, Cowan said the county would look at studying other potential sources of revenue.

Although rare, some localities assess commuter taxes to recoup the costs of services they provide nonresidents. New York City eliminated its commuter tax in 1999, leaving cities like Philadelphia as one of the few remaining large municipalities levying a commuter tax on wages earned by nonresidents, currently set at about 3.5 percent.

Rep. Darrell Issa, chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, suggested last summer that Congress should explore the possibility of allowing the District of Columbia to tax commuters. D.C. officials have long called for such a tax, but the idea appears unlikely to gain traction anytime soon.
 
Workforces with the greatest share of commuters are, of course, found in the nation’s larger employment centers. An estimated 1.6 million people commute into New York County (Manhattan) each day, the most in terms of raw numbers, followed by Cook County, Ill., where about 500,000 people commute in from around the Chicago suburbs. Yet, as in Arlington County, these commuters don’t directly contribute any revenue to the city in the form of either property or income taxes.
 
Michael Pagano, dean of the College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs at the University of Illinois at Chicago, has argued this is why cities need to be able to adjust their tax structures to better link users of public services to costs, such as taxing of income by the place of employment.
 
Most states don’t allow municipalities to assess a local income tax, and in the few that do, only residents typically pay income taxes to the locality.
 
One of the few exceptions, Ohio, permits localities to collect a portion of income taxes from nonresident workers.
 
A bill introduced in the Ohio Senate last year would have cut this revenue, requiring big cities to grant commuters a tax credit of 10 percent or any tax liability greater than 2 percent of their taxable income. The threat of lost revenue prompted Columbus Mayor Michael Coleman to tell Columbus Business First that the fiscal impact of the legislation would "be worse than a tsunami."
 
Commuter taxes are becoming increasingly rare, driven in part by the greater clout suburban communities now enjoy in state legislatures, said Edward Zelinsky, a professor at Cardozo Law School who studies tax policy.
 
Zelinsky said he views commuters as a neutral or “slightly contributing factor” to most municipalities’ budgets. They don’t require more costly public education and human services expenses, and many of the larger institutions where they work, such as hospitals and universities, provide their own police units.
 
“The notion that commuters somehow harm the community or are a net drain isn’t very plausible,” he said.

Data

The following Census survey data estimates the number of nonresidents commuting to work in counties. Data includes figures for larger counties with populations exceeding 65,000:

County	State	Commuter % of Total Workforce	Total Working in County	Commuters Working in County	Residents Working in County
Arlington County	Virginia	76.6	193,328	148,127	45,201
District of Columbia		71.0	805,581	572,256	233,325
New York County	New York	69.5	2,282,808	1,586,551	696,257
York County	Virginia	64.0	26,811	17,172	9,639
Clayton County	Georgia	63.9	89,104	56,927	32,177
Wyandotte County	Kansas	61.8	82,362	50,910	31,452
Boone County	Kentucky	59.3	74,787	44,385	30,402
Fulton County	Georgia	59.1	781,833	461,947	319,886
Denver County	Colorado	58.9	457,494	269,536	187,958
Suffolk County	Massachusetts	58.7	592,588	347,825	244,763
Howard County	Maryland	58.4	141,575	82,683	58,892
Rockdale County	Georgia	58.3	36,232	21,138	15,094
Somerset County	New Jersey	57.4	177,189	101,681	75,508
Anderson County	Tennessee	57.1	48,810	27,894	20,916
Platte County	Missouri	57.1	45,370	25,915	19,455
Roanoke County	Virginia	56.4	31,204	17,587	13,617
Ramsey County	Minnesota	56.3	306,431	172,521	133,910
Hanover County	Virginia	55.6	39,746	22,096	17,650
Madison County	Mississippi	54.7	45,186	24,716	20,470
Eaton County	Michigan	54.5	45,785	24,959	20,826
Kenton County	Kentucky	54.2	65,507	35,498	30,009
Dallas County	Iowa	53.9	27,128	14,611	12,517
Floyd County	Indiana	53.6	33,641	18,030	15,611
Norfolk County	Massachusetts	52.7	326,363	171,860	154,503
Adams County	Colorado	51.6	165,438	85,354	80,084
DeKalb County	Georgia	51.4	291,766	150,089	141,677
Essex County	New Jersey	51.4	357,150	183,557	173,593
Yuba County	California	50.9	20,202	10,279	9,923
Union County	New Jersey	50.9	223,341	113,584	109,757
Durham County	North Carolina	50.8	187,431	95,263	92,168
Fayette County	Georgia	50.8	40,472	20,562	19,910
Warren County	Ohio	50.3	83,265	41,893	41,372
Potter County	Texas	50.1	78,597	39,347	39,250
DuPage County	Illinois	49.9	541,037	270,083	270,954
Putnam County	New York	49.8	28,328	14,118	14,210
Arapahoe County	Colorado	49.7	279,480	138,854	140,626
Christian County	Kentucky	49.6	46,426	23,022	23,404
Morris County	New Jersey	49.2	271,841	133,620	138,221
Frederick County	Virginia	49.1	30,597	15,031	15,566
Delaware County	Ohio	49.0	70,513	34,575	35,938
Kendall County	Illinois	48.9	27,944	13,671	14,273
Orange County	North Carolina	48.9	68,343	33,405	34,938
Williamson County	Tennessee	48.6	102,730	49,925	52,805
Hudson County	New Jersey	48.5	267,934	129,829	138,105
Henrico County	Virginia	48.3	163,416	78,942	84,474
Carver County	Minnesota	48.2	36,866	17,772	19,094
Albemarle County	Virginia	48.1	49,293	23,718	25,575
Forsyth County	Georgia	48.0	64,876	31,131	33,745
Wood County	Ohio	47.9	62,357	29,896	32,461
Scott County	Minnesota	47.7	45,562	21,739	23,823
Hunterdon County	New Jersey	47.7	58,778	28,022	30,756
Stafford County	Virginia	47.4	43,107	20,428	22,679
Mercer County	New Jersey	47.2	222,054	104,885	117,169
Fairfax County	Virginia	47.1	564,686	265,989	298,697
Yolo County	California	46.9	101,884	47,776	54,108
Prince George's County	Maryland	46.8	326,152	152,773	173,379
Barrow County	Georgia	46.5	15,654	7,273	8,381
Clark County	Indiana	46.2	42,211	19,497	22,714
Douglas County	Georgia	46.1	41,988	19,375	22,613
Cabell County	West Virginia	46.0	52,228	24,037	28,191
Washington County	Minnesota	45.7	83,510	38,191	45,319
Forrest County	Mississippi	45.6	39,212	17,893	21,319
Salem County	New Jersey	45.5	26,138	11,883	14,255
Albany County	New York	45.5	221,416	100,653	120,763
Rockwall County	Texas	45.4	30,358	13,777	16,581
Dauphin County	Pennsylvania	45.2	176,418	79,675	96,743
Orleans Parish	Louisiana	45.1	209,007	94,259	114,748
Kent County	Rhode Island	45.0	74,204	33,367	40,837
Richmond County	Georgia	44.9	121,931	54,753	67,178
Greene County	Ohio	44.9	83,682	37,553	46,129
San Francisco County	California	44.5	614,748	273,372	341,376
Hendricks County	Indiana	44.4	50,145	22,284	27,861
Loudoun County	Virginia	44.3	137,899	61,153	76,746
Waukesha County	Wisconsin	44.3	225,671	100,020	125,651
Campbell County	Kentucky	44.3	29,488	13,052	16,436
Montgomery County	Pennsylvania	44.3	464,964	205,759	259,205
Sarpy County	Nebraska	44.1	60,091	26,471	33,620
Middlesex County	New Jersey	43.8	376,474	164,986	211,488
Geauga County	Ohio	43.8	32,969	14,445	18,524
Comal County	Texas	43.7	47,843	20,924	26,919
Baltimore County	Maryland	43.5	339,314	147,760	191,554
Clay County	Missouri	43.5	88,968	38,678	50,290
Sherburne County	Minnesota	43.4	21,923	9,514	12,409
Hancock County	Indiana	43.2	18,973	8,196	10,777
Clarke County	Georgia	43.1	69,047	29,790	39,257
Hinds County	Mississippi	43.1	127,755	55,060	72,695
Newton County	Georgia	43.1	28,330	12,209	16,121
Bedford County	Virginia	43.1	14,992	6,456	8,536
Passaic County	New Jersey	42.9	176,223	75,541	100,682
Anoka County	Minnesota	42.5	112,764	47,909	64,855
Bullitt County	Kentucky	42.4	20,412	8,663	11,749
Sumter County	Florida	42.4	22,518	9,550	12,968
Rankin County	Mississippi	42.2	59,078	24,906	34,172
Hamilton County	Indiana	42.1	118,893	50,107	68,786
Dakota County	Minnesota	42.0	171,090	71,875	99,215
Ozaukee County	Wisconsin	41.9	35,597	14,927	20,670
Creek County	Oklahoma	41.9	19,878	8,322	11,556
Bergen County	New Jersey	41.4	419,093	173,639	245,454
Cobb County	Georgia	41.4	336,612	139,289	197,323
Prince William County	Virginia	41.0	129,459	53,093	76,366
Fauquier County	Virginia	41.0	23,512	9,642	13,870
Hennepin County	Minnesota	41.0	830,570	340,165	490,405
Clinton County	Michigan	40.8	18,588	7,578	11,010
Rockingham County	New Hampshire	40.7	149,235	60,794	88,441
Jefferson County	Colorado	40.7	226,755	92,270	134,485
Douglas County	Colorado	40.6	103,877	42,160	61,717
Clackamas County	Oregon	40.4	136,982	55,367	81,615
St. Louis County	Missouri	40.3	563,403	227,280	336,123
Middlesex County	Connecticut	40.1	69,312	27,793	41,519
San Mateo County	California	40.1	348,592	139,720	208,872
Jackson County	Missouri	39.8	371,961	148,195	223,766
Allegan County	Michigan	39.7	37,829	15,011	22,818
Franklin County	Washington	39.6	28,446	11,271	17,175
Anne Arundel County	Maryland	39.6	273,871	108,461	165,410
Washington County	Wisconsin	39.6	53,386	21,128	32,258
Hamilton County	Ohio	39.5	481,135	190,200	290,935
Warren County	New Jersey	39.5	38,216	15,098	23,118
Johnson County	Indiana	39.5	44,336	17,511	26,825
Rensselaer County	New York	39.5	58,636	23,158	35,478
Osceola County	Florida	39.4	91,206	35,965	55,241
Schenectady County	New York	39.4	67,830	26,715	41,115
Tolland County	Connecticut	39.4	53,225	20,952	32,273
Dorchester County	South Carolina	39.4	38,976	15,340	23,636
Ontario County	New York	39.3	52,335	20,579	31,756
Bibb County	Georgia	39.3	81,844	32,130	49,714
Newport County	Rhode Island	39.2	46,164	18,119	28,045
Warren County	New York	39.1	37,521	14,681	22,840
Rockingham County	Virginia	39.1	33,721	13,191	20,530
Cumberland County	Pennsylvania	39.1	129,770	50,687	79,083
Nash County	North Carolina	39.0	42,580	16,626	25,954
Kane County	Illinois	38.9	209,045	81,362	127,683
Middlesex County	Massachusetts	38.8	862,535	334,488	528,047
Walton County	Georgia	38.7	20,999	8,136	12,863
Oakland County	Michigan	38.5	630,385	242,593	387,792
Camden County	New Jersey	38.5	186,425	71,731	114,694
Burlington County	New Jersey	38.5	205,505	79,039	126,466
Spotsylvania County	Virginia	38.4	33,751	12,952	20,799
Wagoner County	Oklahoma	38.4	10,634	4,080	6,554
Multnomah County	Oregon	38.3	468,199	179,507	288,692
Bossier Parish	Louisiana	38.3	54,556	20,886	33,670
Merrimack County	New Hampshire	38.3	76,773	29,390	47,383
Grafton County	New Hampshire	38.2	54,106	20,659	33,447
Davidson County	Tennessee	38.1	419,530	159,975	259,555
Walker County	Georgia	38.0	16,855	6,403	10,452
Ingham County	Michigan	38.0	155,014	58,847	96,167
McCracken County	Kentucky	38.0	38,932	14,775	24,157
Lexington County	South Carolina	37.8	108,686	41,082	67,604
Wright County	Minnesota	37.8	39,215	14,813	24,402
DeSoto County	Mississippi	37.8	47,143	17,800	29,343
Shelby County	Alabama	37.7	72,986	27,505	45,481
Madison County	New York	37.6	24,832	9,349	15,483
Sullivan County	Tennessee	37.6	69,994	26,336	43,658
Marion County	Indiana	37.6	536,411	201,764	334,647
Gregg County	Texas	37.6	75,107	28,234	46,873
Rogers County	Oklahoma	37.4	25,220	9,420	15,800
Hays County	Texas	37.3	60,869	22,684	38,185
Elmore County	Alabama	37.2	17,442	6,489	10,953
Dougherty County	Georgia	37.1	46,150	17,127	29,023
Outagamie County	Wisconsin	37.1	99,146	36,788	62,358
Cabarrus County	North Carolina	37.1	62,450	23,158	39,292
Will County	Illinois	37.1	230,799	85,516	145,283
Winnebago County	Wisconsin	36.9	92,071	33,999	58,072
Washington County	Tennessee	36.9	62,627	23,090	39,537
Gloucester County	New Jersey	36.8	101,217	37,204	64,013
Philadelphia County	Pennsylvania	36.7	699,456	256,907	442,549
Washtenaw County	Michigan	36.7	202,887	74,457	128,430
Cole County	Missouri	36.7	49,270	18,069	31,201
Martin County	Florida	36.6	62,160	22,762	39,398
Rock Island County	Illinois	36.5	78,092	28,514	49,578
Marin County	California	36.4	127,986	46,649	81,337
Troup County	Georgia	36.4	35,843	13,058	22,785
Montgomery County	Maryland	36.4	480,597	174,817	305,780
Wilson County	Tennessee	36.4	42,280	15,376	26,904
Polk County	Oregon	36.3	20,326	7,386	12,940
St. Croix County	Wisconsin	36.3	31,839	11,548	20,291
Bronx County	New York	36.2	370,702	134,310	236,392
Pottawattamie County	Iowa	36.2	39,512	14,299	25,213
Catawba County	North Carolina	36.1	82,760	29,879	52,881
Muscogee County	Georgia	36.1	109,519	39,539	69,980
Medina County	Ohio	36.1	60,414	21,787	38,627
Butler County	Pennsylvania	36.0	88,499	31,864	56,635
Whitfield County	Georgia	35.9	57,401	20,631	36,770
Lee County	Mississippi	35.9	49,130	17,647	31,483
Queens County	New York	35.9	677,638	243,172	434,466
Collin County	Texas	35.9	362,483	129,992	232,491
Talladega County	Alabama	35.8	27,712	9,925	17,787
Chesterfield County	Virginia	35.8	115,732	41,416	74,316
Peoria County	Illinois	35.7	106,344	37,984	68,360
Berkeley County	South Carolina	35.7	53,238	18,999	34,239
Chester County	Pennsylvania	35.5	236,410	84,025	152,385
Portage County	Ohio	35.5	59,441	21,102	38,339
Washington County	Rhode Island	35.5	54,025	19,157	34,868
Coryell County	Texas	35.3	20,633	7,292	13,341
Columbia County	Georgia	35.3	30,990	10,928	20,062
St. Clair County	Alabama	35.2	18,364	6,473	11,891
Seminole County	Florida	35.1	167,454	58,801	108,653
Northampton County	Pennsylvania	35.0	115,236	40,308	74,928
Jefferson Parish	Louisiana	35.0	197,309	68,964	128,345
Sebastian County	Arkansas	34.9	70,801	24,742	46,059
Delaware County	Pennsylvania	34.9	204,762	71,488	133,274
Henry County	Georgia	34.8	52,044	18,131	33,913
Westchester County	New York	34.8	419,531	146,057	273,474
Lehigh County	Pennsylvania	34.8	166,441	57,843	108,598
Kaufman County	Texas	34.7	26,328	9,128	17,200
Dallas County	Texas	34.6	1,419,471	491,033	928,438
Clermont County	Ohio	34.6	58,527	20,233	38,294
Augusta County	Virginia	34.5	26,996	9,319	17,677
Gwinnett County	Georgia	34.4	328,624	113,089	215,535
Midland County	Michigan	34.2	38,092	13,020	25,072
Richland County	South Carolina	34.1	214,996	73,378	141,618
Butler County	Ohio	34.1	148,891	50,708	98,183
Charleston County	South Carolina	34.0	218,823	74,456	144,367
Harrison County	West Virginia	34.0	35,363	12,011	23,352
Jones County	Mississippi	33.9	29,410	9,984	19,426
Washington County	Maryland	33.9	67,476	22,876	44,600
Placer County	California	33.9	141,848	48,073	93,775
Madison County	Tennessee	33.8	52,677	17,787	34,890
Alameda County	California	33.7	671,970	226,675	445,295
Guadalupe County	Texas	33.7	38,145	12,853	25,292
Frederick County	Maryland	33.7	99,437	33,501	65,936
Lake County	Illinois	33.6	344,293	115,798	228,495
Bartholomew County	Indiana	33.5	46,210	15,477	30,733
Nassau County	New York	33.4	557,100	186,076	371,024
Washington County	Pennsylvania	33.4	89,291	29,813	59,478
Maury County	Tennessee	33.3	32,180	10,723	21,457
Charles County	Maryland	33.3	38,796	12,917	25,879
Carroll County	Georgia	33.3	39,917	13,278	26,639
Lincoln County	North Carolina	33.2	23,151	7,697	15,454
Boulder County	Colorado	33.2	179,746	59,755	119,991
Johnson County	Kansas	33.2	306,532	101,712	204,820
Hall County	Georgia	33.1	75,246	24,930	50,316
Limestone County	Alabama	33.0	21,620	7,134	14,486
Davis County	Utah	33.0	111,266	36,664	74,602
Ascension Parish	Louisiana	32.9	35,235	11,583	23,652
Kings County	New York	32.7	816,210	266,620	549,590
Montgomery County	Alabama	32.6	135,224	44,120	91,104
Summit County	Ohio	32.6	261,584	85,219	176,365
Fort Bend County	Texas	32.5	157,358	51,196	106,162
Dodge County	Wisconsin	32.5	36,646	11,921	24,725
Tazewell County	Illinois	32.5	55,078	17,908	37,170
Robertson County	Tennessee	32.4	22,132	7,180	14,952
Elkhart County	Indiana	32.4	104,556	33,915	70,641
Pulaski County	Arkansas	32.4	246,663	79,950	166,713
Marshall County	Alabama	32.4	37,364	12,105	25,259
Marion County	Ohio	32.3	24,817	8,027	16,790
Carroll County	Maryland	32.3	55,846	18,017	37,829
Madera County	California	32.2	42,302	13,620	28,682
Monongalia County	West Virginia	32.0	55,335	17,734	37,601
Morgan County	Alabama	32.0	51,045	16,341	34,704
Ottawa County	Michigan	31.9	109,267	34,846	74,421
Carbon County	Pennsylvania	31.9	15,948	5,081	10,867
Cecil County	Maryland	31.8	31,402	9,991	21,411
Vanderburgh County	Indiana	31.8	106,256	33,780	72,476
Wayne County	Michigan	31.8	712,487	226,391	486,096
Strafford County	New Hampshire	31.7	52,854	16,764	36,090
Hunt County	Texas	31.7	34,330	10,866	23,464
Bucks County	Pennsylvania	31.6	255,631	80,791	174,840
Macomb County	Michigan	31.6	302,916	95,725	207,191
Parker County	Texas	31.6	30,485	9,629	20,856
Liberty County	Georgia	31.4	36,793	11,552	25,241
Washington County	Oregon	31.4	259,063	81,320	177,743
Johnson County	Texas	31.4	41,593	13,049	28,544
Erie County	Ohio	31.3	34,465	10,802	23,663
Darlington County	South Carolina	31.3	22,619	7,073	15,546
Cass County	Missouri	31.2	25,029	7,810	17,219
Sandoval County	New Mexico	31.1	36,500	11,356	25,144
Monmouth County	New Jersey	31.0	264,787	82,112	182,675
Randall County	Texas	30.8	35,253	10,866	24,387
Iberia Parish	Louisiana	30.8	33,613	10,355	23,258
Mecklenburg County	North Carolina	30.8	576,802	177,578	399,224
Lapeer County	Michigan	30.7	23,499	7,221	16,278
Livingston County	Michigan	30.6	57,517	17,612	39,905
Howard County	Indiana	30.6	39,481	12,072	27,409
Bartow County	Georgia	30.4	32,294	9,820	22,474
Harrison County	Texas	30.4	24,680	7,501	17,179
Calhoun County	Michigan	30.4	59,831	18,169	41,662
Northumberland County	Pennsylvania	30.3	29,904	9,065	20,839
Orange County	Florida	30.3	686,854	208,050	478,804
Hancock County	Ohio	30.3	42,110	12,749	29,361
Monroe County	Pennsylvania	30.2	62,192	18,802	43,390
Miami County	Ohio	30.2	40,914	12,364	28,550
McHenry County	Illinois	30.2	104,854	31,683	73,171
Wilson County	North Carolina	30.2	38,733	11,703	27,030
Livingston County	New York	30.1	22,579	6,805	15,774
Forsyth County	North Carolina	30.1	179,669	54,148	125,521
Bowie County	Texas	30.1	41,185	12,397	28,788
Providence County	Rhode Island	30.0	295,360	88,717	206,643
Fairfield County	Ohio	29.9	42,272	12,642	29,630
Morgan County	Indiana	29.9	16,085	4,805	11,280
Houston County	Alabama	29.8	52,718	15,728	36,990
Laurens County	South Carolina	29.8	21,261	6,333	14,928
Hampshire County	Massachusetts	29.8	74,509	22,187	52,322
Oklahoma County	Oklahoma	29.7	439,527	130,663	308,864
Lonoke County	Arkansas	29.7	15,419	4,582	10,837
Lafayette Parish	Louisiana	29.7	129,450	38,455	90,995
Eau Claire County	Wisconsin	29.6	60,974	18,062	42,912
Canadian County	Oklahoma	29.4	30,470	8,970	21,500
Jasper County	Missouri	29.4	59,093	17,352	41,741
Wood County	Wisconsin	29.3	40,724	11,952	28,772
Walker County	Texas	29.3	24,557	7,203	17,354
Guilford County	North Carolina	29.3	273,499	80,183	193,316
Iredell County	North Carolina	29.3	63,667	18,648	45,019
Harford County	Maryland	29.3	91,807	26,868	64,939
Fayette County	Kentucky	29.1	183,705	53,413	130,292
Kenosha County	Wisconsin	29.0	57,783	16,776	41,007
East Baton Rouge Parish	Louisiana	29.0	264,326	76,728	187,598
Jefferson County	Texas	29.0	130,583	37,872	92,711
Aiken County	South Carolina	28.9	61,817	17,883	43,934
Jefferson County	Wisconsin	28.9	32,089	9,281	22,808
Porter County	Indiana	28.8	60,821	17,525	43,296
Plymouth County	Massachusetts	28.8	182,650	52,619	130,031
Hamilton County	Tennessee	28.8	191,846	55,249	136,597
St. Landry Parish	Louisiana	28.7	24,355	6,988	17,367
Christian County	Missouri	28.6	18,337	5,247	13,090
Galveston County	Texas	28.6	107,726	30,809	76,917
Denton County	Texas	28.6	228,331	65,268	163,063
Saginaw County	Michigan	28.5	87,476	24,971	62,505
St. Johns County	Florida	28.5	69,956	19,969	49,987
Scott County	Iowa	28.5	85,078	24,238	60,840
Lancaster County	South Carolina	28.5	25,494	7,262	18,232
Montgomery County	Virginia	28.5	49,615	14,131	35,484
Madison County	Illinois	28.5	105,251	29,959	75,292
Hartford County	Connecticut	28.5	497,881	141,710	356,171
Williamson County	Texas	28.4	146,976	41,756	105,220
Jefferson County	Alabama	28.4	344,781	97,805	246,976
Terrebonne Parish	Louisiana	28.3	55,863	15,806	40,057
Orange County	Texas	28.3	26,183	7,405	18,778
Buchanan County	Missouri	28.2	51,154	14,445	36,709
Walworth County	Wisconsin	28.1	40,502	11,400	29,102
Cuyahoga County	Ohio	28.1	687,397	193,344	494,053
Sussex County	New Jersey	28.1	40,740	11,442	29,298
Montgomery County	Ohio	28.1	242,742	68,135	174,607
Pike County	Kentucky	28.1	23,593	6,619	16,974
Wayne County	New York	28.0	29,806	8,340	21,466
Saratoga County	New York	27.9	81,183	22,679	58,504
Windham County	Connecticut	27.9	42,137	11,767	30,370
San Patricio County	Texas	27.9	16,306	4,547	11,759
Kanawha County	West Virginia	27.9	101,324	28,237	73,087
Florence County	South Carolina	27.8	66,221	18,415	47,806
St. Clair County	Illinois	27.7	107,197	29,684	77,513
Hillsborough County	New Hampshire	27.7	186,031	51,487	134,544
Van Buren County	Michigan	27.7	24,227	6,704	17,523
Allen County	Ohio	27.7	50,350	13,925	36,425
Lebanon County	Pennsylvania	27.6	53,072	14,657	38,415
Douglas County	Nebraska	27.5	315,354	86,873	228,481
St. Charles County	Missouri	27.5	130,753	36,018	94,735
Wood County	West Virginia	27.5	38,380	10,544	27,836
Bradley County	Tennessee	27.5	40,966	11,254	29,712
Muskogee County	Oklahoma	27.4	27,725	7,608	20,117
Ross County	Ohio	27.3	28,805	7,866	20,939
Napa County	California	27.3	68,889	18,789	50,100
Armstrong County	Pennsylvania	27.3	20,186	5,505	14,681
Stearns County	Minnesota	27.3	86,112	23,482	62,630
Monroe County	Michigan	27.2	41,501	11,291	30,210
Union County	North Carolina	27.2	61,139	16,632	44,507
Hardin County	Kentucky	27.1	54,846	14,883	39,963
Jackson County	Mississippi	27.1	52,507	14,206	38,301
Mahoning County	Ohio	27.0	100,339	27,095	73,244
Bristol County	Massachusetts	27.0	209,380	56,505	152,875
Blount County	Tennessee	26.9	45,624	12,280	33,344
Surry County	North Carolina	26.8	30,884	8,274	22,610
Isabella County	Michigan	26.7	33,681	9,005	24,676
Essex County	Massachusetts	26.7	308,422	82,247	226,175
Grand Traverse County	Michigan	26.6	50,052	13,338	36,714
Caddo Parish	Louisiana	26.6	125,955	33,531	92,424
Trumbull County	Ohio	26.6	78,247	20,782	57,465
Lafourche Parish	Louisiana	26.5	35,930	9,526	26,404
Lake County	Ohio	26.5	91,478	24,242	67,236
Nassau County	Florida	26.5	17,010	4,504	12,506
Licking County	Ohio	26.4	57,811	15,277	42,534
Lake County	Indiana	26.4	195,092	51,475	143,617
Benton County	Washington	26.3	82,395	21,660	60,735
Sutter County	California	26.3	27,206	7,147	20,059
Cattaraugus County	New York	26.2	31,581	8,284	23,297
Columbia County	Pennsylvania	26.2	28,559	7,490	21,069
Columbia County	Florida	26.2	22,716	5,943	16,773
Jefferson County	Kentucky	26.1	417,674	109,214	308,460
Greenville County	South Carolina	26.1	237,004	61,925	175,079
Rockland County	New York	26.1	107,918	28,160	79,758
Lucas County	Ohio	26.1	203,602	53,056	150,546
Tompkins County	New York	25.9	59,233	15,370	43,863
Fairfield County	Connecticut	25.8	461,424	119,193	342,231
Gaston County	North Carolina	25.8	70,265	18,148	52,117
Leavenworth County	Kansas	25.8	27,426	7,082	20,344
Linn County	Oregon	25.8	40,760	10,525	30,235
Davidson County	North Carolina	25.8	48,348	12,471	35,877
Greene County	Missouri	25.7	160,437	41,268	119,169
Houston County	Georgia	25.7	65,524	16,850	48,674
Johnson County	Iowa	25.7	85,330	21,927	63,403
Milwaukee County	Wisconsin	25.7	464,122	119,197	344,925
Weber County	Utah	25.6	95,098	24,392	70,706
Cumberland County	Maine	25.6	174,845	44,771	130,074
York County	South Carolina	25.6	82,512	21,107	61,405
Franklin County	Ohio	25.5	685,875	175,103	510,772
Montgomery County	Texas	25.5	160,073	40,826	119,247
Rockingham County	North Carolina	25.5	30,370	7,740	22,630
New Hanover County	North Carolina	25.5	110,208	28,071	82,137
Adams County	Pennsylvania	25.4	34,419	8,752	25,667
Weld County	Colorado	25.4	98,671	25,057	73,614
Bay County	Michigan	25.4	37,065	9,405	27,660
Harnett County	North Carolina	25.3	27,821	7,046	20,775
Williamson County	Illinois	25.3	26,267	6,651	19,616
Wayne County	Ohio	25.3	48,549	12,274	36,275
Kosciusko County	Indiana	25.3	36,413	9,201	27,212
Chelan County	Washington	25.2	38,006	9,583	28,423
Franklin County	Massachusetts	25.2	31,215	7,858	23,357
Marion County	Oregon	25.2	131,187	32,995	98,192
Henderson County	North Carolina	25.1	39,705	9,977	29,728
Clay County	Florida	25.1	43,616	10,929	32,687
Harrison County	Mississippi	25.0	102,669	25,687	76,982
Sevier County	Tennessee	25.0	40,575	10,138	30,437
Travis County	Texas	24.9	643,295	160,351	482,944
Calvert County	Maryland	24.9	25,283	6,299	18,984
Cumberland County	New Jersey	24.9	59,772	14,878	44,894
Johnston County	North Carolina	24.9	48,320	12,024	36,296
Cape Girardeau County	Missouri	24.9	42,077	10,470	31,607
Vigo County	Indiana	24.9	55,486	13,803	41,683
Minnehaha County	South Dakota	24.9	111,234	27,671	83,563
Knox County	Tennessee	24.9	238,249	59,265	178,984
Putnam County	Tennessee	24.8	33,123	8,223	24,900
Skagit County	Washington	24.7	53,781	13,309	40,472
Litchfield County	Connecticut	24.6	70,669	17,411	53,258
Glynn County	Georgia	24.6	42,473	10,463	32,010
Kennebec County	Maine	24.6	61,050	15,035	46,015
Liberty County	Texas	24.6	16,073	3,953	12,120
Moore County	North Carolina	24.5	33,854	8,302	25,552
Rowan County	North Carolina	24.5	48,826	11,945	36,881
Benton County	Oregon	24.4	36,642	8,958	27,684
Pickens County	South Carolina	24.4	37,545	9,172	28,373
Jefferson County	Missouri	24.4	50,284	12,245	38,039
Racine County	Wisconsin	24.3	73,779	17,941	55,838
Chatham County	Georgia	24.3	139,769	33,964	105,805
Belmont County	Ohio	24.3	21,385	5,186	16,199
DeKalb County	Illinois	24.2	41,234	9,988	31,246
Columbiana County	Ohio	24.2	30,504	7,373	23,131
Randolph County	North Carolina	24.2	46,506	11,239	35,267
Calhoun County	Alabama	24.1	50,151	12,107	38,044
Brazoria County	Texas	24.0	98,329	23,598	74,731
Paulding County	Georgia	23.9	28,117	6,723	21,394
Clearfield County	Pennsylvania	23.9	33,087	7,900	25,187
El Dorado County	California	23.9	52,928	12,636	40,292
Cleveland County	North Carolina	23.8	34,947	8,333	26,614
Polk County	Iowa	23.7	262,846	62,378	200,468
Allegany County	Maryland	23.7	32,382	7,681	24,701
Madison County	Kentucky	23.7	34,567	8,196	26,371
Sumner County	Tennessee	23.6	52,508	12,416	40,092
Floyd County	Georgia	23.6	40,094	9,479	30,615
Kent County	Michigan	23.6	333,617	78,853	254,764
Tulsa County	Oklahoma	23.6	350,362	82,512	267,850
Delaware County	Indiana	23.5	49,307	11,598	37,709
Shiawassee County	Michigan	23.5	19,584	4,603	14,981
San Bernardino County	California	23.5	699,193	164,093	535,100
Alamance County	North Carolina	23.4	60,461	14,169	46,292
Androscoggin County	Maine	23.4	47,454	11,119	36,335
Butler County	Kansas	23.4	19,538	4,575	14,963
Contra Costa County	California	23.4	362,190	84,713	277,477
Madison County	Alabama	23.4	194,613	45,487	149,126
Warren County	Kentucky	23.3	63,102	14,729	48,373
Anderson County	South Carolina	23.3	63,852	14,876	48,976
Lake County	Florida	23.3	97,928	22,802	75,126
Brunswick County	North Carolina	23.2	30,835	7,167	23,668
Mercer County	Pennsylvania	23.2	48,585	11,260	37,325
Cherokee County	Georgia	23.1	62,804	14,531	48,273
Ellis County	Texas	23.1	45,375	10,485	34,890
Craven County	North Carolina	23.1	48,927	11,290	37,637
Cass County	North Dakota	23.1	103,160	23,785	79,375
New Castle County	Delaware	23.1	262,123	60,423	201,700
Muskingum County	Ohio	23.1	36,238	8,353	27,885
Jefferson County	Arkansas	23.0	31,496	7,254	24,242
Coweta County	Georgia	23.0	37,141	8,541	28,600
Wake County	North Carolina	22.9	482,572	110,495	372,077
Monroe County	Indiana	22.9	75,903	17,373	58,530
LaPorte County	Indiana	22.8	40,442	9,239	31,203
Madison County	Indiana	22.8	42,155	9,628	32,527
Tangipahoa Parish	Louisiana	22.8	42,685	9,738	32,947
Woodbury County	Iowa	22.8	50,308	11,455	38,853
Orange County	New York	22.7	146,532	33,328	113,204
Bonneville County	Idaho	22.7	52,834	12,008	40,826
Cullman County	Alabama	22.7	28,058	6,373	21,685
Spartanburg County	South Carolina	22.7	124,709	28,323	96,386
Burke County	North Carolina	22.7	29,594	6,721	22,873
Santa Clara County	California	22.7	938,013	212,962	725,051
Greenwood County	South Carolina	22.7	28,181	6,383	21,798
Rutherford County	Tennessee	22.6	105,607	23,870	81,737
Sarasota County	Florida	22.6	160,602	36,273	124,329
Jefferson County	Ohio	22.6	24,000	5,416	18,584
Solano County	California	22.6	138,651	31,287	107,364
Orangeburg County	South Carolina	22.5	32,752	7,377	25,375
Lawrence County	Pennsylvania	22.4	33,533	7,528	26,005
Kalamazoo County	Michigan	22.4	119,132	26,709	92,423
Cumberland County	North Carolina	22.4	163,302	36,563	126,739
Lackawanna County	Pennsylvania	22.4	100,523	22,485	78,038
Lowndes County	Georgia	22.4	50,100	11,200	38,900
Fond du Lac County	Wisconsin	22.3	47,436	10,582	36,854
Olmsted County	Minnesota	22.2	93,909	20,887	73,022
Pottawatomie County	Oklahoma	22.2	24,608	5,458	19,150
Dutchess County	New York	22.2	116,018	25,720	90,298
Indiana County	Pennsylvania	22.2	35,277	7,820	27,457
Atlantic County	New Jersey	22.1	126,914	28,038	98,876
Duval County	Florida	22.1	477,949	105,498	372,451
Oconee County	South Carolina	22.1	25,945	5,722	20,223
Caldwell County	North Carolina	22.0	27,331	6,022	21,309
Valencia County	New Mexico	22.0	15,729	3,465	12,264
Chemung County	New York	22.0	38,728	8,529	30,199
Westmoreland County	Pennsylvania	22.0	138,507	30,500	108,007
Midland County	Texas	22.0	73,793	16,246	57,547
Scioto County	Ohio	21.9	26,261	5,764	20,497
Cleveland County	Oklahoma	21.9	87,020	19,063	67,957
Jackson County	Michigan	21.9	56,620	12,375	44,245
Allegheny County	Pennsylvania	21.8	670,645	146,476	524,169
Steuben County	New York	21.8	41,652	9,064	32,588
Yamhill County	Oregon	21.7	37,044	8,055	28,989
New Haven County	Connecticut	21.7	380,678	82,643	298,035
Pinal County	Arizona	21.7	80,111	17,375	62,736
Brown County	Wisconsin	21.6	144,903	31,333	113,570
Wicomico County	Maryland	21.6	40,747	8,806	31,941
Tarrant County	Texas	21.6	849,778	183,190	666,588
Beaver County	Pennsylvania	21.5	55,796	12,020	43,776
St. Francois County	Missouri	21.5	23,578	5,078	18,500
New London County	Connecticut	21.5	135,627	29,207	106,420
Livingston Parish	Louisiana	21.5	27,893	6,005	21,888
Pasco County	Florida	21.5	116,602	25,089	91,513
Riley County	Kansas	21.5	37,884	8,146	29,738
La Crosse County	Wisconsin	21.5	70,280	15,086	55,194
Stark County	Ohio	21.5	161,296	34,622	126,674
Lauderdale County	Mississippi	21.3	37,728	8,050	29,678
Story County	Iowa	21.3	49,468	10,527	38,941
Lee County	Alabama	21.2	51,881	11,020	40,861
LaSalle County	Illinois	21.2	46,873	9,956	36,917
Carteret County	North Carolina	21.2	26,491	5,619	20,872
Wayne County	Indiana	21.1	28,379	6,001	22,378
Dubuque County	Iowa	21.1	57,726	12,152	45,574
Rutherford County	North Carolina	21.0	21,820	4,583	17,237
Macon County	Illinois	20.9	53,296	11,154	42,142
St. Tammany Parish	Louisiana	20.9	83,860	17,535	66,325
Benton County	Arkansas	20.9	107,352	22,430	84,922
Blair County	Pennsylvania	20.8	62,638	13,018	49,620
Kings County	California	20.6	54,413	11,196	43,217
St. Joseph County	Indiana	20.6	126,189	25,955	100,234
Lorain County	Ohio	20.6	105,899	21,771	84,128
Chittenden County	Vermont	20.5	99,404	20,419	78,985
Shelby County	Tennessee	20.5	485,272	99,618	385,654
Orange County	California	20.5	1,493,898	306,181	1,187,717
Hillsborough County	Florida	20.5	623,027	127,582	495,445
St. Mary's County	Maryland	20.5	52,623	10,764	41,859
Cayuga County	New York	20.4	29,012	5,929	23,083
Saline County	Arkansas	20.3	24,780	5,042	19,738
Canyon County	Idaho	20.3	56,428	11,471	44,957
Franklin County	Missouri	20.3	34,797	7,073	27,724
Franklin County	Pennsylvania	20.3	58,587	11,894	46,693
Craighead County	Arkansas	20.3	44,990	9,118	35,872
Smith County	Texas	20.2	96,517	19,525	76,992
Cape May County	New Jersey	20.1	40,304	8,107	32,197
Greene County	Tennessee	20.1	26,939	5,412	21,527
Harris County	Texas	20.0	2,199,428	440,629	1,758,799
Robeson County	North Carolina	20.0	42,702	8,553	34,149
Berkeley County	West Virginia	20.0	27,443	5,496	21,947
Pierce County	Washington	20.0	315,147	62,930	252,217
Richland County	Ohio	19.9	50,921	10,124	40,797
Winnebago County	Illinois	19.9	135,832	26,994	108,838
Lewis County	Washington	19.9	25,836	5,129	20,707
King County	Washington	19.8	1,149,694	227,425	922,269
Oneida County	New York	19.7	107,246	21,135	86,111
Cook County	Illinois	19.6	2,523,396	495,237	2,028,159
Sullivan County	New York	19.5	24,778	4,842	19,936
York County	Pennsylvania	19.5	178,000	34,771	143,229
Richmond County	New York	19.5	125,567	24,450	101,117
Henderson County	Texas	19.4	21,867	4,249	17,618
Putnam County	Florida	19.4	18,985	3,686	15,299
Portage County	Wisconsin	19.4	33,909	6,582	27,327
Linn County	Iowa	19.4	123,852	24,025	99,827
Grant County	Indiana	19.3	27,987	5,415	22,572
Walker County	Alabama	19.3	18,596	3,596	15,000
Buncombe County	North Carolina	19.3	119,952	23,172	96,780
Onondaga County	New York	19.3	242,219	46,702	195,517
Somerset County	Pennsylvania	19.3	28,363	5,467	22,896
Santa Fe County	New Mexico	19.3	76,960	14,816	62,144
Schuylkill County	Pennsylvania	19.2	50,839	9,768	41,071
Lycoming County	Pennsylvania	19.2	56,592	10,856	45,736
Kankakee County	Illinois	19.1	42,551	8,136	34,415
Muskegon County	Michigan	19.1	57,938	11,047	46,891
Grand Forks County	North Dakota	19.0	40,678	7,740	32,938
Tippecanoe County	Indiana	19.0	93,006	17,676	75,330
Shawnee County	Kansas	19.0	94,709	17,972	76,737
Black Hawk County	Iowa	19.0	74,710	14,159	60,551
Sacramento County	California	18.9	593,758	112,245	481,513
White County	Arkansas	18.9	29,477	5,570	23,907
Montgomery County	Tennessee	18.8	59,725	11,240	48,485
Faulkner County	Arkansas	18.8	44,773	8,407	36,366
Cambria County	Pennsylvania	18.8	54,493	10,228	44,265
Washington County	Arkansas	18.7	101,569	19,031	82,538
Sangamon County	Illinois	18.6	109,395	20,373	89,022
Hampden County	Massachusetts	18.6	195,724	36,380	159,344
Salt Lake County	Utah	18.6	569,291	105,806	463,485
Raleigh County	West Virginia	18.6	32,005	5,939	26,066
Santa Rosa County	Florida	18.5	39,494	7,310	32,184
Okaloosa County	Florida	18.5	90,245	16,687	73,558
Charlotte County	Florida	18.5	50,759	9,367	41,392
Snohomish County	Washington	18.4	273,183	50,146	223,037
Niagara County	New York	18.3	71,418	13,100	58,318
Kent County	Delaware	18.3	63,784	11,686	52,098
Indian River County	Florida	18.3	52,109	9,525	42,584
Sumter County	South Carolina	18.3	42,818	7,816	35,002
Leon County	Florida	18.2	155,927	28,439	127,488
Escambia County	Florida	18.2	149,008	27,132	121,876
Genesee County	Michigan	18.1	142,262	25,750	116,512
Douglas County	Kansas	18.1	54,529	9,847	44,682
Thurston County	Washington	18.0	104,065	18,758	85,307
Pitt County	North Carolina	17.9	75,734	13,588	62,146
Tuscarawas County	Ohio	17.9	37,318	6,690	30,628
Broome County	New York	17.9	91,441	16,378	75,063
Victoria County	Texas	17.9	40,376	7,215	33,161
DeKalb County	Alabama	17.9	23,177	4,140	19,037
Cowlitz County	Washington	17.8	34,036	6,067	27,969
Rapides Parish	Louisiana	17.8	54,839	9,762	45,077
Clark County	Ohio	17.8	44,149	7,856	36,293
Ector County	Texas	17.7	61,662	10,924	50,738
Bastrop County	Texas	17.7	17,635	3,119	14,516
San Joaquin County	California	17.7	229,304	40,535	188,769
Manatee County	Florida	17.6	111,154	19,618	91,536
Pennington County	South Dakota	17.6	53,420	9,425	43,995
Berrien County	Michigan	17.6	62,693	11,042	51,651
Bulloch County	Georgia	17.6	29,638	5,207	24,431
Worcester County	Massachusetts	17.5	319,730	56,013	263,717
Cheshire County	New Hampshire	17.5	35,113	6,151	28,962
Crawford County	Pennsylvania	17.3	33,892	5,878	28,014
Hernando County	Florida	17.3	38,967	6,755	32,212
Payne County	Oklahoma	17.2	38,924	6,686	32,238
Etowah County	Alabama	17.2	33,094	5,679	27,415
Stanislaus County	California	17.1	177,914	30,507	147,407
Burleigh County	North Dakota	17.1	48,122	8,247	39,875
Allen County	Indiana	17.1	172,448	29,507	142,941
Sussex County	Delaware	17.1	81,826	13,993	67,833
Marathon County	Wisconsin	17.1	68,611	11,721	56,890
Dane County	Wisconsin	17.1	309,336	52,836	256,500
Wilkes County	North Carolina	17.1	21,948	3,746	18,202
Ulster County	New York	17.0	65,861	11,227	54,634
Bell County	Texas	17.0	147,946	25,217	122,729
Ouachita Parish	Louisiana	17.0	70,311	11,919	58,392
St. Lucie County	Florida	16.9	80,676	13,665	67,011
Berks County	Pennsylvania	16.8	171,194	28,775	142,419
Rock County	Wisconsin	16.8	58,984	9,908	49,076
Fayette County	Pennsylvania	16.8	40,400	6,777	33,623
Lenawee County	Michigan	16.7	32,758	5,484	27,274
St. Louis County	Minnesota	16.7	98,638	16,456	82,182
Alachua County	Florida	16.7	125,462	20,916	104,546
Grayson County	Texas	16.7	45,529	7,585	37,944
York County	Maine	16.6	69,389	11,487	57,902
Nacogdoches County	Texas	16.5	25,093	4,130	20,963
Adams County	Illinois	16.3	35,682	5,809	29,873
Luzerne County	Pennsylvania	16.2	140,776	22,830	117,946
Centre County	Pennsylvania	16.2	80,047	12,979	67,068
Pinellas County	Florida	16.0	404,173	64,803	339,370
Broward County	Florida	16.0	757,544	120,986	636,558
Boone County	Missouri	15.9	88,735	14,094	74,641
Lauderdale County	Alabama	15.8	35,869	5,684	30,185
Tuscaloosa County	Alabama	15.8	85,384	13,449	71,935
Umatilla County	Oregon	15.7	32,468	5,113	27,355
Daviess County	Kentucky	15.7	44,038	6,933	37,105
Sheboygan County	Wisconsin	15.5	57,290	8,853	48,437
Collier County	Florida	15.2	137,722	20,918	116,804
Mobile County	Alabama	15.2	182,646	27,671	154,975
Manitowoc County	Wisconsin	15.1	37,610	5,664	31,946
Champaign County	Illinois	15.0	103,662	15,532	88,130
Clark County	Washington	14.8	139,425	20,665	118,760
Oswego County	New York	14.8	35,412	5,241	30,171
Ocean County	New Jersey	14.7	154,308	22,695	131,613
Flagler County	Florida	14.5	20,845	3,018	17,827
Monroe County	New York	14.5	374,716	54,160	320,556
Wayne County	North Carolina	14.4	49,786	7,182	42,604
Merced County	California	14.4	78,196	11,275	66,921
Ada County	Idaho	14.4	194,555	28,041	166,514
Citrus County	Florida	14.4	37,070	5,333	31,737
Monroe County	Florida	14.4	41,311	5,933	35,378
Bernalillo County	New Mexico	14.3	324,562	46,251	278,311
Taylor County	Texas	14.2	63,167	8,991	54,176
Palm Beach County	Florida	14.2	576,176	81,792	494,384
Riverside County	California	14.2	673,110	95,528	577,582
Otero County	New Mexico	14.0	25,057	3,519	21,538
Volusia County	Florida	13.9	171,510	23,802	147,708
Twin Falls County	Idaho	13.8	33,137	4,582	28,555
Santa Cruz County	California	13.8	113,674	15,644	98,030
Nevada County	California	13.7	34,988	4,778	30,210
Garland County	Arkansas	13.5	40,316	5,429	34,887
Vermilion County	Illinois	13.4	30,112	4,034	26,078
Ashtabula County	Ohio	13.4	32,546	4,355	28,191
McLean County	Illinois	13.4	89,062	11,907	77,155
Calcasieu Parish	Louisiana	13.4	85,691	11,453	74,238
St. Clair County	Michigan	13.2	48,170	6,355	41,815
Nueces County	Texas	13.0	165,560	21,586	143,974
Marion County	Florida	13.0	106,297	13,831	92,466
Grays Harbor County	Washington	13.0	24,205	3,144	21,061
Suffolk County	New York	12.9	621,227	80,181	541,046
Santa Barbara County	California	12.9	210,281	27,049	183,232
Miami-Dade County	Florida	12.8	1,183,825	152,088	1,031,737
Kootenai County	Idaho	12.8	54,769	7,027	47,742
Missoula County	Montana	12.7	60,605	7,699	52,906
Erie County	New York	12.6	449,968	56,612	393,356
Penobscot County	Maine	12.5	71,553	8,936	62,617
Wichita County	Texas	12.3	63,082	7,782	55,300
Larimer County	Colorado	12.2	143,628	17,539	126,089
Highlands County	Florida	12.2	30,836	3,759	27,077
Island County	Washington	12.1	26,850	3,249	23,601
Berkshire County	Massachusetts	11.9	62,693	7,457	55,236
Jefferson County	New York	11.8	56,390	6,653	49,737
Angelina County	Texas	11.8	36,387	4,279	32,108
Brazos County	Texas	11.7	93,639	10,950	82,689
Polk County	Florida	11.7	197,695	23,089	174,606
Ventura County	California	11.7	334,017	38,938	295,079
Lancaster County	Pennsylvania	11.6	233,116	27,025	206,091
Comanche County	Oklahoma	11.3	63,354	7,130	56,224
Grant County	Washington	11.1	38,095	4,218	33,877
Chautauqua County	New York	11.1	56,890	6,299	50,591
Sedgwick County	Kansas	11.0	253,889	28,052	225,837
Beaufort County	South Carolina	11.0	73,282	8,076	65,206
Kitsap County	Washington	10.9	109,053	11,908	97,145
Bexar County	Texas	10.7	824,132	88,492	735,640
Baldwin County	Alabama	10.7	65,405	7,002	58,403
McLennan County	Texas	10.7	108,861	11,653	97,208
Los Angeles County	California	10.7	4,461,072	476,445	3,984,627
Barnstable County	Massachusetts	10.7	96,048	10,236	85,812
Do±a Ana County	New Mexico	10.7	78,422	8,353	70,069
Tulare County	California	10.6	150,013	15,920	134,093
Shasta County	California	10.6	68,434	7,261	61,173
Onslow County	North Carolina	10.2	91,108	9,263	81,845
Navajo County	Arizona	10.1	32,923	3,335	29,588
Lancaster County	Nebraska	9.8	160,044	15,722	144,322
Monterey County	California	9.7	167,791	16,275	151,516
Fresno County	California	9.5	343,967	32,740	311,227
San Luis Obispo County	California	9.3	116,063	10,801	105,262
Apache County	Arizona	9.3	17,347	1,606	15,741
Utah County	Utah	9.2	200,931	18,419	182,512
Pueblo County	Colorado	8.9	65,634	5,832	59,802
Anchorage Municipality	Alaska	8.8	164,240	14,446	149,794
Lee County	Florida	8.7	225,037	19,650	205,387
Bannock County	Idaho	8.6	34,192	2,950	31,242
McKinley County	New Mexico	8.6	21,843	1,882	19,961
Mendocino County	California	8.5	36,830	3,134	33,696
Spokane County	Washington	8.5	213,169	18,128	195,041
Laramie County	Wyoming	8.4	50,459	4,240	46,219
Sonoma County	California	8.2	206,003	16,993	189,010
Kern County	California	8.2	314,278	25,631	288,647
Erie County	Pennsylvania	7.9	132,728	10,442	122,286
Lea County	New Mexico	7.7	27,321	2,097	25,224
Washoe County	Nevada	7.5	195,318	14,711	180,607
Josephine County	Oregon	7.5	25,395	1,900	23,495
Butte County	California	7.5	82,123	6,130	75,993
Washington County	Utah	7.4	52,485	3,905	48,580
San Juan County	New Mexico	7.2	54,437	3,918	50,519
Clinton County	New York	7.1	35,526	2,539	32,987
Lake County	California	7.1	19,816	1,414	18,402
Douglas County	Oregon	7.0	38,738	2,730	36,008
Horry County	South Carolina	6.9	124,163	8,532	115,631
Natrona County	Wyoming	6.8	38,377	2,624	35,753
Coconino County	Arizona	6.8	62,677	4,279	58,398
Yellowstone County	Montana	6.8	78,738	5,374	73,364
Cache County	Utah	6.8	51,099	3,481	47,618
Lubbock County	Texas	6.8	141,205	9,542	131,663
Cameron County	Texas	6.6	137,924	9,152	128,772
Cochise County	Arizona	6.6	48,336	3,203	45,133
Deschutes County	Oregon	6.5	68,732	4,499	64,233
Tom Green County	Texas	6.3	53,275	3,337	49,938
St. Lawrence County	New York	6.1	41,411	2,529	38,882
Bay County	Florida	6.1	79,052	4,808	74,244
Lane County	Oregon	5.8	149,034	8,669	140,365
Yavapai County	Arizona	5.7	75,715	4,323	71,392
El Paso County	Colorado	5.7	301,000	17,139	283,861
Gallatin County	Montana	5.4	48,768	2,610	46,158
Imperial County	California	5.3	57,071	3,045	54,026
El Paso County	Texas	5.1	331,669	16,952	314,717
Yakima County	Washington	5.0	95,737	4,811	90,926
Whatcom County	Washington	4.9	91,535	4,502	87,033
San Diego County	California	4.9	1,446,353	70,814	1,375,539
Mesa County	Colorado	4.8	64,668	3,094	61,574
Marquette County	Michigan	4.6	29,368	1,356	28,012
Mohave County	Arizona	4.6	56,135	2,590	53,545
Brevard County	Florida	4.2	211,454	8,909	202,545
Maricopa County	Arizona	4.0	1,724,896	69,581	1,655,315
Cascade County	Montana	4.0	38,723	1,535	37,188
Webb County	Texas	3.8	94,907	3,616	91,291
Jackson County	Oregon	3.7	80,328	2,975	77,353
Yuma County	Arizona	3.6	66,263	2,393	63,870
Klamath County	Oregon	3.5	22,620	803	21,817
Hidalgo County	Texas	3.5	271,593	9,631	261,962
Flathead County	Montana	3.5	40,082	1,413	38,669
Matanuska-Susitna Borough	Alaska	3.2	24,175	770	23,405
Clallam County	Washington	3.0	26,587	804	25,783
Pima County	Arizona	3.0	403,350	11,952	391,398
Clark County	Nevada	2.7	869,950	23,832	846,118
Humboldt County	California	2.7	55,547	1,509	54,038
Maui County	Hawaii	2.3	76,056	1,763	74,293
Aroostook County	Maine	1.8	28,944	517	28,427
Chaves County	New Mexico	1.7	24,326	406	23,920
Hawaii County	Hawaii	1.6	75,731	1,246	74,485
Fairbanks North Star Borough	Alaska	1.6	50,194	792	49,402
Honolulu County	Hawaii	1.1	466,476	5,052	461,424

Source: Governing calculations using 2011 Census American Community Suvery 1-year estimates